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Showing posts from November, 2025

UNIX Architecture Components and Their Functions

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 Unix, trademarked as UNIX, is a multitasking, multiuser operating system for servers, desktops, and laptops that was developed for flexibility and adaptability. This UNIX system has a file system containing a hierarchical structure of files and directories where users are able to store and access information with the help of files, making it an efficient computer operating environment. UNIX OS also contains a graphical user interface (GUI) like as Microsoft Windows that offers a user-friendly interface. Whenever, knowledge of UNIX is needed for operations which are not accepted by a graphical interface. Otherwise when there is no Windows interface present, for instance telnet session. Everything in UNIX is file or process. A process is an executing code that identified by a unique PID is known as ‘Process Identifier’. A file is a group of data, which made by users with helping of text editor, running compiler etc. Multiple people are able to use UNIX system at a same time; it is...

Switch and Hub Difference Explained for Students

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 In computer networks, several devices help connect and share data between systems. Among them, Hub and Switch are two key connectivity devices used alike data transmission. A hub is a basic device that sends data to all connected computers, anyway of the place. In contrast, a switch is more intelligent it identifies each device’s MAC address and sends data only to the intended recipient. Understanding the difference between a hub and a switch is important like designing a secure and efficient network. In this article, we’ll discuss the difference between a hub and a switch, two basic yet important devices used in computer networks. Even they may look alike; they work totally differently when it comes to handling and send data. Know how each device functions helps in building a faster, more effective, and secure network system. What is Switch in Networking? A switch is a smart networking device used to connect multiple computers or devices within the same network. It manages the f...